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Peace The Frontier

Race

No rules, no brakes

No agreement slows AI down. Companies and countries race to get there first, with no shared rules and no pauses. Progress is fast and power concentrates with whoever wins.

A scenario, not a prediction

What is gained

  • Very fast scientific and medical progress in the first decades.
  • Material abundance, because robots and automation make almost everything manufactured cheap.
  • A huge economic advantage for whoever leads the race.

What is lost

  • Jobs and income concentrate and inequality rises sharply.
  • Power ends up in very few hands, public or private.
  • The risk of catastrophe is the highest of the four futures.
  • Recurring crises slow down the energy transition.
Assumptions of this future
  • There are no international treaties on advanced AI and no limits on compute.
  • Investment in AI grows as long as it brings economic or military advantage.
  • Redistribution and new labor protections arrive late or not at all.
  • Tensions between blocs trigger global crises from time to time.

2026

Model summary for this decade

AI capability
×1
Robots in operation
5.1 million
People in employment
58%
Warming
1.4 °C
Risk of catastrophe
0.9%

What happens this decade

  • 2029 Data centers use more electricity than all of Japan does today.
  • 2032 The planet passes 1.5 °C of warming.
  • 2035 A global crisis breaks out and slows the economy and AI.

2036

Humanity

Ten years of racing are enough to change work. AI can already do 33% of human tasks, and the share of the working-age population in employment falls to 48%. New trades appear, but in other places and for other people.

Robots and technology

There are 76 million robots in operation, mostly in factories and warehouses. Data centers use 4,065 TWh a year, more electricity than many entire countries.

Science

The pace of discovery is already ×3.8 that of 2026. AI-designed drugs arrive in record time, above all where there is money to pay for them.

Planet

Clean energy barely rises to 26%: the priority is compute, not the climate. Warming is around 1.6 °C.

Politics

Without shared rules, the power concentration index rises to 67/100. Tensions between blocs have already triggered a global crisis. The cumulative risk of catastrophe stands at 7.7%.

What happens this decade

  • 2041 The cumulative risk of catastrophe passes 10%.

2046

Model summary for this decade

AI capability
×2.8M
Robots in operation
928 million
People in employment
42%
Warming
1.8 °C
Risk of catastrophe
13%

What happens this decade

  • 2046 AI can now do half of all human tasks.
  • 2047 One billion robots in operation.
  • 2050 Power is concentrated in very few hands.
  • 2050 A global crisis breaks out and slows the economy and AI.

2056

Humanity

More than half of all tasks are now automatable: 60%. Only 39% of the working-age population has a job; the rest live on rents, private aid or work that never shows up in the statistics. Inequality reaches 72/100.

Robots and technology

There are 4.7 billion robots in factories, warehouses, fields and homes. Data centers use 16,125 TWh a year.

Science

Science moves ×5.9 compared with 2026. Many rare diseases have treatments, but access depends on where you live and on who controls the patents.

Planet

Clean energy reaches 45%, because demand grows faster than the transition. Warming reaches 2.0 °C.

Politics

The power concentration index reaches 83/100: a handful of companies and states control the most capable models. The cumulative risk of catastrophe stands at 17%.

What happens this decade

  • 2058 The planet passes 2 °C of warming.
  • 2061 Half of all energy is now clean.
  • 2065 A global crisis breaks out and slows the economy and AI.

2066

Model summary for this decade

AI capability
×2B
Robots in operation
6.9 billion
People in employment
36%
Warming
2.2 °C
Risk of catastrophe
21%

What happens this decade

    The model records no milestones this decade.

    2076

    Model summary for this decade

    AI capability
    ×11.3B
    Robots in operation
    7.4 billion
    People in employment
    35%
    Warming
    2.3 °C
    Risk of catastrophe
    25%

    What happens this decade

    • 2080 A global crisis breaks out and slows the economy and AI.

    2086

    Humanity

    Automation reaches 73% of tasks and employment settles at 34%. For many people, the question is no longer what to work at but what to live on, and what for. Inequality stands at 74/100.

    Robots and technology

    There are 7.7 billion robots. Machines do most physical work, and their cost has fallen so far that almost anything manufactured is cheap.

    Science

    The pace of science is ×7.5 that of 2026. Research is led by AI systems that propose and test hypotheses day and night; humans review an ever smaller share.

    Planet

    Clean energy reaches 76%, pushed more by its own price than by agreements. Warming is already 2.5 °C, with summers that change where people can live and farm.

    Politics

    Power concentration reaches 94/100: the decisions that matter are made in a few rooms. The cumulative risk of catastrophe stands at 28%.

    What happens this decade

    • 2086 World population peaks and begins to fall.
    • 2095 A global crisis breaks out and slows the economy and AI.

    2096

    Model summary for this decade

    AI capability
    ×157.4B
    Robots in operation
    7.9 billion
    People in employment
    33%
    Warming
    2.6 °C
    Risk of catastrophe
    31%

    What happens this decade

      The model records no milestones this decade.

      2106

      Model summary for this decade

      AI capability
      ×287.5B
      Robots in operation
      8.0 billion
      People in employment
      33%
      Warming
      2.7 °C
      Risk of catastrophe
      34%

      What happens this decade

      • 2110 Nine in ten units of energy are clean.
      • 2110 A global crisis breaks out and slows the economy and AI.

      2116

      Model summary for this decade

      AI capability
      ×402.3B
      Robots in operation
      8.1 billion
      People in employment
      33%
      Warming
      2.8 °C
      Risk of catastrophe
      37%

      What happens this decade

      • 2125 A global crisis breaks out and slows the economy and AI.

      2126

      Humanity

      A century later, 76% of tasks are automatable and 33% of the working-age population has a job. Material abundance coexists with a wide gap between those who own the machines and those who do not: inequality stands at 75/100.

      Robots and technology

      There are 8.1 billion robots. AI capability approaches its physical ceiling; what changes is no longer how much machines can do but who directs them.

      Science

      Science moves ×8.2 compared with 2026, but much of what is discovered is no longer fully understood by any human being.

      Planet

      Clean energy reaches 95% and warming levels off near 2.8 °C. An earlier transition would have avoided much of the damage.

      Politics

      Power concentration stands at 98/100. The cumulative risk of catastrophe, 40%, is the highest of the four futures.

      What happens this decade

        The model records no milestones this decade.